The HomeComing By Arun Joshi

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Quite recently, in my rather long sojourn on the long and winding road of literary exploration, I chanced upon a short story titled The Homecoming by Arun Joshi. The story is about a young soldier who returns home from the war front, only to find the whole place strange and un-natural. The story is a dark and stark portrayal of the hypocrisy and ignorance that plagues our society, especially in the self proclaimed high-brow, intellectual circles.
After hectic and bloody battles on the Eastern front, the protagonist returns home and is welcomed warmly by his family and fiancee. He tries to go back to his civilian life- the life led by his fiancee and his family. However, he cannot find it within himself to mingle with the crowd his family hangs out with. His sister takes him to a party and he discovers that the whole lot are just shallow phonies, the kind of people who are big on the words and minuscule on the action. He realises that these people keep talking about things they have no experience of, but they do it anyway because it makes them look and feel intellectual. The story documents in alarming detail the thought processes of a war scarred man who finds the people around him to be hollow. The story is a brilliant depiction of how popular culture and society often paint pictures that they want, despite the fact that they often know nothing about it.
The author, Arun Joshi was a remarkable writer, noted for his works such as The Strange Case of Billy Biswas and The Apprentice. He won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel The Last Labyrinth in 1982. Arun Joshi was an Indian writer in English before Salman Rushdie set the stage on fire, a time when it was rather hazardous for someone to attempt to do what Joshi did. At that time, Indian writing did not enjoy the reputation or glamour as today and the field was generally shunned and ignored by the literary world.
Moreover, Arun Joshi never indulged in promotional campaigns to publicise his work. An indrawn individual, he did not enter literary circles and kept himself out of the limelight and the glare of the media. Born in Varanasi, he completed his studies in the U.S and returned to India to become an industrial manager. He took up writing on the side, as another phase of his corporate life.
The Homecoming is an unsentimental story that states matter of fact-ly the emotional turmoil the young lieutenant of the army goes through in his attempts to melt in to civilian social life. Moreover, the story is noted for tearing away the fake facades under which modern society tends to lie low, modern fads which are but hypocritical. In the story, the protagonist’s fiancee tells him that she has put on weight and therefore is going to diet. The young man is taken back to the time just after the end of the war when he had been in charge of a relief centre where he had to dole out food to the refugees. He says,
“Everyone was hungry, once in a way, but to be always hungry, he had seen, was different.  It made a bit of animal of you, he thought, turned you stupid…. When they got their ration they swallowed it in about two minutes.  After that they could see that they were as hungry as before, that in fact they were waiting for the next meal.  The old people had not bothered to look for food.  If it came their way they ate it.  If not they lay down and died.  That was the way it had been where he had come from.”
The story is replete with stunning images from the battle field, images that are meant to chill the reader to the very bones. The story further goes on to relate the doings of a self proclaimed poet, the most intellectual and well read person in the party our protagonist goes to. We see him indulging in banal discussions that reminds one very much of the pointless discussions that occur in our mainstream media with alarming frequency. His rush to define ‘genocide’ and to paint a picture of a terrible war from the comfort of his metaphorical arm chair is despicable and Arun Joshi is bent on tearing away that facade.
The story is about all those pseudo-intellectual campaigners who pretend to have nothing but the interests of our jawans in their hearts, about those poets who write poems about a soldier’s widow when they are yet to see even a soldier, about those critics and analysts who dish out trivia on wars and conflicts but could not operate a slingshot to save their lives. The story stands against the hypocrisy and deceit that has penetrated deep in to our society, falseness perpetrated by the elite and the intellectual who have no idea what is actually going on.
The story is an appeal in a little more than a couple of thousand words to stop talking if you do not know what you are talking about.
Aju Basil James


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Respect Creativity Of Mind: Avail Intellectual Property Protection

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Every individual is the owner of intellectual property in one way or the other. Intellectual property refers to the creations of mind. It is a type of intangible property which is gaining importance day by day with the development of technology. Intellectual property covers all most all the creations of the mind. The owner of this right gets some exclusive rights.
The protection of intellectual property is very necessary as the owner puts many efforts to create an exclusive piece of an art or technology. Creator or inventor spends money, labour, time etc. to create intellectual property and hence he should get some reward and some incentive for further creation of art and technology. Hence some exclusive rights like economic rights and moral rights are given to the creator or inventor.
Intellectual property rights refer to the rights over the intellectual work and not the work itself. The work falls into two categories viz. commercial and artistic works. Mainly there are two types of intellectual properties; one is copyright, which includes artistic works like music, paintings, sculpture, drama, software etc. and the other is industrial property, which includes trademarks, patent, industrial designs and trade secrets.
Copyright deals with the safety of original creative works. Copyright mainly covers legal protection to the literary and artistic work, which includes novels, movies, music, paintings, books, software programs, pictorial works etc. Copyright protects a form of expression and not an idea. As anyone can click a photo of sunset; here the idea is not protected but the photo, which is taken by the photographer is protected as every photographer will click it from different angles which will definitely show some difference and think if the idea is protected then artistic work will come to a halt. It gives protection against piracy and plagiarism with certain exceptions. In India the registration is not compulsory as it comes with the birth of the work; but it can be registered. Copyright includes rights to publish, perform, market, distribute, collect fees, adaptation of work etc. rights. It also gives some moral rights to the author. If someone will conduct a survey to know persons who do not have copyright, it will hardly succeed as everyone creates something in one or the other form a copyrighted work according to the creative capacity. Might be some people are unaware of such rights which they have. Hence this right is very important and general in nature.
Patent falls under the category of industrial property. It is related to the new inventions such as inventions of machines, new process, product etc. in order to have a patent; the invention must fit into certain criteria which differ from country to country. Like in India the invention must be new, useful and must contain inventive step. The person having patent gets some exclusive rights of making, selling, distributing the invention, using the registration of the patent is important and the term of protection differs from country to country.
Trademark is a symbol and is very important from the point of the purchaser and the producer or manufacture. It distinguishes the goods, services and products of one manufacture from the other and gives an idea about the origin of the product to the purchaser.
A trademark can be a combination of words, phrases, symbols, logos, designs, images or devices, etc.
Industrial designs are related to the unique shape, configuration or pattern of an article, which is solely based on the judgment of the eyes of the purchaser i.e. visual appeal; aesthetic or ornamental value. The person who has an industrial design right has the exclusive right to make or sell any objects in which the design is applicable.
Trade secrets are the designs, practice, formulas, instrument, processes, recipes, patterns or ideas which are used by a company to gain economic advantage over its competitors. The owner of a trade secret does not possess any right over anyone who gains access to that secret independently, but he can prevent the use of trade secret by anyone who has learned it through the owner.
Hence intellectual property rights are the most important rights and give incentive for further development and no one can deny the role played by it in everyone’s life. So protect your creations, give rewards to the brain and avail protection given by law if someone violates these rights!
Shweta Durge


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Our Life Our World

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The world is not fair,
One has to work hard even to inhale the air.
Life is not always easy,
It is in fact fast paced and busy.
One has no time to rest and love
To live life as one must.
Necessities have become a daily dose,
Standing and working all day on your toes.
The fast paced life and always moving has dragged all along,
But I wish the simplicity of the past to come back and undo the wrong.
So much has changed,
Lifestyles are ranged.
With the unknown future and forgotten past,
The present is shaking and wavering at last.
I Wish time would turn back,
I wish the glory of past comes back,
Where simplicity still lingers in air
And happiness is there to share.
The A world where there is friendship and brotherhood
And where love and peace stood;
Where borders and boundaries of land and heart are diminished,
Where anger and dishonesty are finished.
I know this sounds like a dream,
Yet it is a thought from my minds passionate stream
I know it is an illusion,
But it’s far better than harsh world and so called nuclear fusion.
Times are changing further,
We are slowly and gradually losing our world our mother.
With time all will be lost,
Our world our life our love is the cost.
Hope and hard work is all we have got
To save our world and be a happy lot …….
Aarshi Dua


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Life Like That

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Tasteless taste of life, can’t live with or without
It’s all true or a mirage I have my doubt
The rain droplets on my window sill
I think of purpose of life until breath stands still
With friends I sit and chatter
Always it’s not the destination
At times it’s the journey that matters
You meet people then there is trust
But soon it all catches rust
But there is hope against hope
Life gives you strength to cope
If life fails then either rope or dope
Again something wants you to live
Happiness lies when you learn how to give
The best way to be happy
Don’t care when stocks are choppy
Get up move on
Else you’ll be gone
make use don’t let it pass like ab abuse
learn from mistakes make no  excuse
don’t wanna sound like a preach
don’t let anyone into your life creep
let all this in your mind seep
when they say live every minute
do it don’t be timid
times to be watchful
even you can’t pretend that you’re careful
world not a parking place
it’s a track and time to race
at the end of rat race
you might remain a rat
then relatives and friends in your world
use you as if you are a doormat
when angry sit and chat
don’t fight like wild cat
you may do good
but life just may give you wood
i have said whatever i could
now don’t just sit wearing that stupid hood
get up and do what you thought you would
Priyanka Gandhi


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Just being me

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Ready…set…go! And I was there all geared to take up any or all of the competitions ranging from sports to singing. I had that irresistible urge to win always. I stretched myself far too beyond; learning, unlearning and relearning lessons about which I had no clue, all just to be part of that crew!
Destination to me mattered more than the journey. I strongly relied on maxims like “Never say die”, “Be better than the best” and so on. To me, winning was “The Ultimate”. I was straining every nerve and cell just to be on that winner's pedestal. Oh what a pain!
Realisation
The strains showed on me and I could not retain the victory cup always. I was left behind and I watched others surging ahead.
Distressed and dejected I was, unable to cope with the fact that I wasn't always the best in life. The painful realisation taught me valuable lessons.
I gradually changed my mindset and believed that just participation will do and it is “after all everything”. But again the deep desire to be a part of everything had not died. It was in fact furiously racing within. No wonder, I madly participated in almost all competitions, now that the journey mattered more than the destination! But participating wasn't so easy either. It made me apprehensive and anxious, stressing me out.
Discovery
“Are you a coward?” a voice echoed within. I felt as if darkness was laughing at me in exceeding joy. Was I surrendering to the dark evil? Something dawned on me all of a sudden. And I watched the transition within me. After all being just “ordinary” wasn't a crime! I longed to be a passive spectator watching the myriad drama of life.
I had graduated sensibly into a plane where I could rely on my inner signals and sense the nascent aroma of freedom. The need “to become” dropped, and I wanted to “just be”. It gave me heavenly joy and happiness. The freedom of being an unknown, unrecognized an invisible nobody brought me unimaginable peace. To me “anonymity” seemed as the most invaluable gift one could possess.
SONAL RANJIT, I year, B.Com Marketing Management, MOP Vaishnav College for Women


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Small is big

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Nanotechnology It may not be a familiar field but it is one to look out for in the future.
Whenever I tell anyone that I am studying Nanotechnology, I get weird looks.
Although Nanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research, the development of its central concepts happened over a longer period of time. Richard Feynman is considered the Father of Nanotechnology.

WIDE APPLICATION

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that involves study of manipulating matter on atomic and molecular scale. The major areas for the development of applications involving Nanotechnology are:
Medicine and Pharmaceuticals: used in tissue engineering to reproduce or repair damage. Advanced form of tissue engineering can lead to life extension. Also used for producing better drug delivery systems.
Optics: The first sunglasses using protective and anti-reflective ultrathin polymer coatings are in the market. For optics, nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites. NANO -OPTICS could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.
Electronics: The production of displays with low energy consumption could be accomplished using carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Textile: The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free. Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures. Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.
Catalysis: Chemical catalysis benefits especially from nanoparticles, due to the extremely large surface to volume ratio. The application potential of nanoparticles in catalysis ranges from fuel cell to catalytic converters and photocatalytic devices. Catalysis is also important for the production of chemicals.
Genetics: DNA nanotechnology provides one of the only ways to form designed, complex structures with precise control over nanoscale features. Another potential application is in crystallography, where molecules which are hard to crystallize by themselves could be arranged and oriented within a three-dimensional nucleic acid lattice, thus allowing determination of their structure.

OPPORTUNITIES

A professional in this field can easily find lucrative career opportunities in various sectors: Nano-medicine, bio-informatics, stem cell development, pharmaceutical companies, Nano-toxicology and Nano power generating sectors.
Some other fields include:
Agriculture
Environment Industry
Food and Beverages
Health Industry
Space Research
Product Development
Magnetics and Optoelectronics
Communication and Media
Forensic Science
And many more new industries are emerging as a result of the rapid advances in Nanotechnology.
Eligibility criteria:
Student should have taken the science group in Stds XI and XII (Physics and Chemistry). Other criteria's depend upon individual universities.

THE FUTURE

The governments of the world aren't immune to the Nano-fever. Many countries understand the great potential value of nanotechnology in various areas and consider it as an engine for economic growth.
The U.S. is definitely taking the lead, but Europe, Asia and Israel are also big players. These countries have already invested $4 billion to establish various nanotechnology-related centres. These investments are estimated to triple in a period of five years.
As the components of technology get smaller and smaller, world-wide interest in developing them gets bigger and bigger.
Gaurav is a III Year B.Tech Nanotechnology student at SRM University.


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Success, brick by brick

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What does it take to turn the ordinary into the extraordinary? T. Krithika Reddy talks to Bala V. Balachandran, founder-dean, Great Lakes Institute of Management
Talking to Bala V. Balachandran, founder-dean of the Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai, is like reading a how-to book on success. From creating and maintaining a personal brand to taking challenges head on with nothing but a positive attitude as his ally, this Padma Shri awardee offers several lessons on leadership and life in an engaging style that sets him apart from droning academicians.
During his recent visit to Chennai — one of his many sojourns that add up to five months a year — the continent-hopping Professor Emeritus of Accounting Information and Management at Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, USA, pushes the rewind button on his life and four-decade commitment to education. “I've not opened up on my personal side before. There have been several life-changing incidents.” His warm smile complements the tender morning sunrays streaming into the spacious guest house in Tiruvanmiyur.
Beating the odds is something that comes naturally to Bala. He doesn't mince words while recalling the poverty-stricken days in his hometown, Pudukkottai. “We were very poor. Once, we were humiliated by a relative at a wedding because of our social standing. My teary-eyed mom pulled me aside and said, ‘Son, I want you to study and do well in life. But never treat people like this'.”

DIFFICULT DAYS

Bala decided to give studies his all. He graduated from Annamalai University and even taught for a while. In 1967, he left for the U.S. to further his academic pursuits in the University of Dayton. “My wife and infant son remained in India. Those were extremely difficult days. Initially, I used to lock myself up in my room and cry. Then I decided that if it's pain first it's going to be gain later. I went on with life and completed my Doctorate from Carnegie-Mellon University. In the meanwhile, my wife too came to the U.S for higher studies. It was a terrible feeling. I was in Pittsburgh, my wife was in another part of the U.S., and my two sons were back in India — one with my mother and the other with my in-laws! All along, I just kept telling myself, ‘look at the positives'.”
In 1973, Bala joined Kellogg's faculty. The roadmap was clear. “It was a new beginning. I leveraged my time and sweat for academic accomplishments. I'm a huge fan of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. His dialogue on education being a powerful weapon in one of his films left a deep impact on me.” Bala served as Chairman of the Department of Accounting Information and Management at Kellogg from 1979 to 1983. Later, he became director of the Accounting Research Centre and served there till 2006. Now, as Emeritus Professor, he continues to teach. “In education, there is no retirement. If you are passionate about something, there's only joy, no fatigue. So it's work in progress,” says the 75-year-old, who turned ‘edupreneur' at the age of 64! “It was time to give back. I had to leverage all the experience I'd got from abroad to open world-class management institutions in India,” he says adjusting the tiny golden brooch with India and U.S. flags on his shirt.

VALUE-BASED EDUCATION

First, Bala helped set up the Management Development Institute in Gurgaon. Next, it was the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad. “I sold my property in Neelankarai and founded the Great Lakes Institute of Management in Saidapet, Chennai. In two years, GLIM made such a name for itself that we were able to move to a sprawling campus near Mahabalipuram.” (Incidentally, GLIM is one of the few Platinum-rated campuses, what with its stringent green code.) GLIM's strengths are its faculty, curriculum and guest lecturers. “We get the best names, even Nobel Laureates to interact with the students.” A strong believer in values, the ‘not-for-profit' GLIM has a programme called Karma Yoga that's compulsory for all its MBA students. “Our motto is passion with compassion. We want AC-room-bound executives to experience slums, interact with and support poor people. Many villages near Mahabalipuram have benefited from this programme.” A visionary, he has also made learning of Mandarin compulsory. “I want our students to not just learn Mandarin, but also be aware of Chinese culture. With China poised for a big leap in the world scene, it will be useful to them in the years to come.”
After launching the Mumbai Business School last year, Bala is now busy setting up the Great Lakes University of Corporate Excellence in Bhubaneshwar. “It will be value-based business education with undergraduate and MBA programmes. We plan to open it in 2013. I've been invited by the Gujarat Chief Minister too to set up a management institute in Baroda. But I'm yet to decide on that.” It's apparent that he doesn't want to dilute Brand Bala. “If I lend my name, I should be totally committed,” says the professor, whom India Abroad named among the 50 most influential Indian Americans.
A big fan of Tamil movies, Bala took time off to pick up 60 DVDs during his recent visit. I went and watched ‘Deivathirumagal' and was moved by it. I'm a big fan of Sivaji and Rajnikanth. We have a lot to learn from our movies and our stars.”

LSD QUOTIENT

Bala's belief in communication as a tool to connect, rather than make a statement, is evident. As he relates anecdotes and parables, it's almost noon, and you haven't realised it! “Lord Ganesha is my ultimate CEO. And I often talk to students about the LSD Quotient — Lakshmi for wealth that will help you serve, Saraswathi for knowledge that's empowerment, and Durga for courage that will enable you to take risks. In life, there's this constant conflict between emotional quotient and intelligence quotient. I wish to balance the two.”
EASY EDUCATION
*DVDs such as Little Einsteins have always fascinated me. I plan to involve myself in bringing out similar DVDs that educate children effortlessly. It will be a part of the AIM for Seva project initiated by Swami Dayananda.
*I also plan to write a how-to book for parents. It will deal with shaping the minds of children in their formative years. I think the first 12 years in a child's life is very important. It lays the foundation for his/her future. It's important to inculcate good manners, discipline and compassion. Be strict without being dictatorial. I call it ‘tough love.'
*I'm also co-authoring a book on the softer side of software giants with my student. We plan to get into the life-changing incidents and the formative years of their lives.


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Part time beauty queens

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A chat with our very own fashionistas to find out how they balance college and work.
“Models now promote themselves, think like businesswomen and diversify their careers by doing other things as well,” says Tyra Banks Our own queen bee, Aishwarya Rai kick-started her career as a walking mannequin, and she admits that her mission went beyond just winning the Miss World pageant; she wanted to put India on the map through being chosen as the most beautiful woman in the world.
Balancing act
Here, in the city of temples and malli poo, though, modelling has traversed the boundary of a profession. It is a hobby for some, a passion for others, a quick and easy source of pocket money for most, and a confidence booster for a few. What makes this even more intriguing is that most of our Chennai girls pursue this calling, alongside their respective subjects of choice in various colleges around the city.
“Modelling is not about just posing for the camera rather, you deal with different people, different photographers and designers every day. This also helps you learn a lot and work your way through college. It also gives you the satisfaction of doing something that you like besides academics. One gets a lot of exposure at an early age that helps deal with the ways of the real world. For me, it aided in rediscovering myself,” admits Yusra Javed Chaudhry, a second year college student.
The widely touted “conservative” city has shed its jackets to accommodate those who are willing to gaze into the crowd, showcasing the works of some of the most creative designers in the country while thinking about submissions the next day.
“Though modelling has always been my passion, I have my priorities right. I would never give precedence to modelling over college. It takes a lot to go on stage and deal with the criticism that each one faces in the world of fashion. This teaches you to disassociate yourself and learn to formulate your own image and when you do that, it gives you immense confidence to tackle anything that comes your way in college or otherwise. Also, you get a decent amount of pay and the work timings are ideal for college students. It gives me a sense of pride and independence that sometimes I can pay for my own college fees,” says Sahithya Jagannathan, model and college student.
Widening horizons
The city has also accepted with open arms, educational institutions that nurture a woman's ability to make it big in the world of fashion and media. This extra bit of knowledge combined with the new found thirst for money and fame seems to have propelled a number of college students to the ramp and sets.
“I was 17 when I began my career in modelling. The reason I decided to take up modelling along with college education was because I had an acute interest to study and model. I didn't want to give up either and so took it up as a part time job to strike a balance. Besides, considering the course I was doing which was Visual Communication, modelling was sure to reap me some benefits. Modelling and media go hand in hand and engaging in both proved to be a win-win situation for me. It helped me build contacts, added on to my profile and at the end of the day I was glad I didn't waste time,” says Mehndi Jashnani, former college student.
Having just embarked into their twenties, these go-getter women ooze confidence on screen and on stage. It is known that beauty infuses conceit, but that is not what most of these girls abide by.
When these young models step in to the limelight; the admiration, the attention and the awe they see in most eyes, gives them a burst of unbridled confidence. Overall, it is great to know that Chennai is home to these young girls who ably blend both their passions to reach the pinnacle of success.
Shilpa and Megha are students of M.O.P. Vaishnav College for Women.


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Aiming to be a teacher

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I am a retired postal employee. I have completed M.A., M.Phil and Post-Graduate Diploma in Teaching English from EFL University. I would like to know if I am eligible to teach in degree colleges. Help me in understanding career options that are open to me. I would also like to dabble with translation and creative writing through distance mode.
via e-mail
The factors of the NET (UGC examination) and Ph.D. will have a play on your effort to work in aided degree colleges, apart from the factor of age as per the eligibility criterion. However, the private unaided colleges will surely provide you an opportunity to teach.
Besides teaching in degree colleges, you should also make efforts join language training institutes or the corporate world, which focuses on the BPO environment. There is a demand for language trainers who have played an important role in the world of outsourcing. You will be a good fit in any Training and Development (T and D) unit in the corporate world.
You can pursue the Diploma in Creative Writing in English (DCWE) from the School of Humanities of IGNOU (www.ignou.ac.in). The duration is one year (maximum duration: four years). For more details, contact the Director, School of Humanities, Tagore Bhawan, Block F, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068. Ph: 011-29536441. E-mail: soh@ignou.ac.in
The School of Translation Studies and Training (SoTST) of IGNOU offers MA in Translation Studies (MATS) (two-year programme) which will help you to savour the nuances of translation. For more details contact STST, IGNOU, G Block, Zakir Hussain Bhawan, Room No. 11, Maidan Garhi-110068. E-mail: sotst@ignou.ac.in
I am a UG student pursuing BE Mechanical. My desire is to pursue MBA (HRM) from a U.K. university. Please guide me.
via e-mail, Bangalore
You should connect to the British Library which is a huge repository of information on various universities and take a conscious decision to join a university of your choice. You can contact the University authorities at Prestige Takt, 23, Kasturba Road Cross, Bangalore-60001. Ph: 22489220. E-mail: bl.bangalore@in.britishcouncil.org
I want to know if there are any programmes in Instructional Design. I am working with a technical writers' firm. My organisation has asked me to pursue a programme in Instruction Design; however, I cannot do so on a regular basis. I do not mind attending classes on weekends and holidays, if it is permitted.
via e-mail
The Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning (SCDL) (www.scdl.net) offers the one-year (two-semester) (has a validity of two years) Post-Graduate Diploma in Instructional Design (PGDID) through the Distance Learning methodology. Those with the following qualifications are eligible: Graduation in any discipline Polytechnic Diploma (three-year) with five-year supervisory experience
The programme covers Principles and Practices of Management, Instructional Design, Effective Communication, Advanced Instructional Design, Educational Psychology, Course Design and a project in Instructional Design.
For more details you should contact the Counsellor, SCDL, Symbiosis Bhavan, 1065 B, Gokhale Cross Road, Model Colony, Pune-411016. Ph: 020-66211000.
I am interested in joining IITTM, Bhopal, for pursuing a tourism course. I am in second year B.Com. I have not studied any papers in tourism and hotel administration. Please provide me details about the course.
via e-mail, Bangalore
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Gwalior (IITTM) (www.iittm.org), an autonomous organisation of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, is one of the premier institutes in the country offering education, training, research and consultancy in sustainable management of tourism, travel and allied sectors such as Hospitality, Logistics and Cargo.
IITTM offers two-year Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) approved by AICTE and equivalent to MBA. Currently the following programmes are available:
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Tourism and Travel)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Tourism and Leisure)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Services)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (International Tourism Business)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Tourism and Logistics)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Tourism and Cargo)
Those seeking admission to the PGDM must have a Bachelor's degree (10+2+3 pattern) in any discipline of a University or equivalent. Reservation will be as per the Government of India norms. Candidates appearing for the final year degree programme can also apply; however, they will have to confirm clearance of papers and the course by October 31 of the relevant year. Admission shall be through the IITTM admission test. Seventy per cent of marks attained will be for performance in the test and 30 per cent will be split between Group Discussion (GD) and Personal Interview (PI). The headquarters of IITTM is Gwalior and it has centres in Bhubaneshwar, Goa, New Delhi and Nellore. Learners should confirm about the availability of the course and ensure they apply as appropriate.
IITTM also conducts short-term training programmes for those interested in Tourism, Travel and Hospitality. For campus long-term and short-term programmes you should contact the Director, IITTM, Govindpuri, Gwalior-4740011. Ph: 0751-2345821. E-mail: iittm@sancharnet.in
I have heard about a Diploma of Railway Engineering that is conducted by the Indian Railways. Please provide information about it through your columns. Also provide the qualifications that are required for eligibility.
via e-mail
The Diploma in Railway Engineering (DRE) is conducted by the Institution of Permanent Way Engineers (IPWE) (India) (www.ipweindia.com) which operates under the Ministry of Railways, Government of India. The programme is offered in the Distance Learning mode and is of one-year duration. The course is offered over two semesters.
The eligibility criterion is two-pronged:
Non-Railway applicants: They should be a three-year Diploma holder in any discipline of engineering recognised by the Central or State Governments or a science, engineering graduate or graduate with mathematics and science as one of the subjects in +2.
Railway employees: They include personnel from various railway public sector undertakings. They must possess the above qualification and also if they have passed the High School/Senior Secondary Examination or possess equivalent qualification with Mathematics/Science and having a minimum of three-years experience in the Railways.
Prospective learners can obtain the application form from IPWE, G-11, Rail Bhawan, Raisina Road, New Delhi-110118 (Ph: 011-23387915. E-mail: ipwe@sify.com) by sending a Demand Draft for Rs. 100 favouring IPWE (India), payable at New Delhi. They should also send a self-addressed stamped (Rs. 15) envelope of size 25 cm x 15 cm.
Shaheed_k@yahoo.com




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The art of acquiring English language skills

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The mantra for effective learning of the English language is to adapt the content module wherein cognitive academic language proficiency is combined with basic informative communication skills.
College students who can reproduce excerpts from Shakespeare but cringe at the idea of carrying a simple conversation in English? Graduates from various disciplines sporting seventy plus scores in English but struggling to frame simple questions?
All is not what it seems when it comes to language, as marks are poor indicators of competency in language. We may have moved from mere textbook reading to assignments, seminars and viva-voce in teaching the English language in our colleges and universities but how many students can use the language in real-life situations?

CONTROLLED CHAOS

A recent workshop on best practices in English language teaching organised by the U.S Consulate General in Tiruchi for college teachers brought to light that English language teaching in our classrooms focuses more on ‘learning' the language rather than ‘acquiring' language skills. For the latter to materialise, the language must be used as much as it is heard as senior English language fellow Mary Kay Seales put it. “A noisy classroom is a good classroom as you cannot be quiet in a language class – you have to practice what you learn. I call it controlled chaos- it might be chaotic- but there's a lot of learning happening.” When lecturers from various colleges were asked to articulate their goals of language teaching, it was clear they wanted their students to be proficient in academic and conversational English alike. Ms. Seales was quick to agree. “I come across many students with high TOEFL scores who find it difficult to have a proper conversation with me or understand what I'm saying.” She attributes this to heavy emphasis on a single area like grammar. The mantra is to combine Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) with Basic Informative Communication Skills (BICS). But how? Content module is the proposed solution— a student-centred teaching method where teachers are facilitators and students active learners.

CONTENT MODULES

Content modules are what Seales likes to describe as ‘task backwards approach' where teachers pick a theme and work backwards to teach skills. Here the contemporary topic or issue is the primary focus and skills are inevitably acquired while exploring the topic through diverse activities.
“Content modules are fun for both students and teachers. It is like killing two birds with one stone- students acquire language competency and concurrently become more aware of the world.” Choosing environment as the sample module, she explained how the module becomes a vehicle for skill acquisition. From asking students to conduct polls and interviews to playing a game of ‘recycling bingo' and collecting famous quotes, listening, writing, reading and speaking skills are developed along with critical thinking, research and team building skills. “It is great fun and good language at once. There is natural acquisition rather than learning.” Teachers can move on to include appreciation of literature by introducing poems on nature and ignite student's creativity by asking them to pen their own poems. Interest in current issues can be generated by looking up news stories and social responsibility can be instilled by getting them to notice their immediate neighbourhood and come up with ways to clean it.
Content modules require resourcefulness on part of the teacher to design modules, tweaking them based on student feedback. Initial attempts may fail but the concept works in the longer run as every student feels involved. “Everybody gets their voice heard and feels their work is valued.” Modules can be designed around music, books and plays. A simple task of translating a favourite vernacular song into English and narrating the story behind it can develop a host of skills and make it interesting for students. While some Indian teachers may consider content modules as impractical in classrooms where language competency is sacrificed at the altar of examinations, Seales reassures that examination perspectives can be creatively incorporated into modules that can be worked around the syllabus.


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Barbers and hairstylists

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While social norms continue to associate traditional hair workers with stigma, changing economic norms are enabling others to reap the profits of the profession.
A week before stepping down as Chief Minister, B.S. Yeddyurappa promised to issue an order prohibiting the use of the word hajjam in Karnataka. He was addressing the members of the Karnataka Savitha Samaja, an association of traditional barber castes. (According to myth, Savitha was a sage who used to cut the hair of gods.) Such a prohibition aims to make illegitimate, and probably punishable too, the use of a term laden with memories of humiliation and restore respect to hair work. Whether banning words makes their meanings more potent and gives them a secret lease of life is another discussion.
Originally a Persian word for a barber, hajjam has long become part of the Kannada lexicon. This word can easily acquire shades of ridicule and mockery. It is not uncommon to abuse someone as a hajjam or to say “Am I doing hajjamat here?” to assert that one's work was not inconsequential. In most parts of India, hair work continues to be socially devalued.
Sanctioned by custom?
The low status of the barber profession in India goes way back. The Buddhist Jataka Tales, which are dated to Fourth Century B.C., narrate a story of a barber's son who falls in love with a girl from the high Licchavi clan. His father reminds him of their low social status and assures him, in vain, that he will help him find a bride from his “own place and station” (in W.H.D. Rouse's 1895 translation). The son dies longing for his love.
A toxic tale from the archive of stories about Krishnadevaraya, the Emperor of Vijayanagar, and Tenali Rama, the court poet and jester, is also illustrative. Krishnadevaraya's barber gave him a fine shave while he was asleep (and spared him the discomfort that came with a shave back then). Delighted with the shave, the king granted the barber a wish. The latter asked to be made a Brahman. The king summoned his Brahman priests and asked them to confer a Brahman's status to the barber and promised, in return, to exempt them from taxes. Unaware of rituals for enabling the barber's wish, they approached the wise Tenali Rama for help. Agreeing to help, the latter asked a few of them to assemble on a riverbank with the paraphernalia for ritual conversion. Tenali Rama brought a black dog to the riverbank, bathed it and walked it around the ritual site. When Krishnadevaraya asked this bizarre spectacle to be explained, the jester replied that he was trying to turn the black dog into a white one. The king expressed disbelief. The jester argued that if a barber could become a Brahman, then the dog's coat could as easily be changed. Apparently, the king now saw reason: the high and the low could never change places.
In an essay on the meanings of hair in the sub-continent, Patrick Olivelle, the Sanskritist, observes that discussions in ritual literature have consistently held hair as an impure object. This is a probable reason for the hair-related service occupation to invite low social status. The fact that barbers also performed minor surgeries and played musical instruments did little to alter their status.
Although rulers like Mahmud of Ghazni and Mohamed bin Tughlaq are known to have recruited from among Muslim converts from the barber castes for high positions in the army and administration, the status of barbers has been low among Indian Muslims too.
Untouchability brings another facet to the social experience of humiliation. The village barbers usually serve upper castes and Dalits with separate sets of instruments. Recently, in a village in Tumkur in Karnataka, the barbers refused to serve Dalits, forcing the latter to learn to cut their own hair.
New players have entered the field of hair care. In 2009, the Salon and Beauty Parlours Association (SBPA) in Maharashtra protested against the term “barber” in the title of the Shah Rukh Khan starrer, “Billu Barber”. The protestors pointed out that “barber” was a translation of Nai, a Hindi word for the barber caste, and, therefore, amounted to an insult. The President of the SBPA asked that the film's title be changed to “Billu Hairdresser,” since the word barber was “a derogatory and insulting term”. He noted further: “We choose hairdressing as a profession because it is an art. Also there are many women hairstylists. If ‘Billu Barber' becomes a hit, women hairdressers will be called barbers too!” (Admitting innocence, Shah Rukh Khan agreed to have a white paper pasted over the offending word in the film posters as reprinting them was expensive).
Different concerns
The SBPA's demand for language censorship stems from concerns other than those of the Karnataka Savitha Samaja. The hair and beauty industry, which was worth Rs. 6,900 crores in 2008, is estimated to attract Rs. 98,500 crores in 2020. The multinational giant L'Oreal alone is said to own over 4,000 hair salons in 70 cities across India. In the expanding hair care sector, which smells of money, moisturisers and styling gels, hair work becomes only an activity in style and loveliness. Its elaborate salon terminology is free from older associations of impurity with hair work.
The new hair care industry does not want to take chances with the past stigma of hair work. The SBPA prefers hair-dressing to be viewed as an art. For them, the large numbers of women who are likely to join this sector are better termed hairstylists rather than barbers. Professional associations such as this want to steer clear of the old stigma of hair work and have little interest in fighting the sources of such stigma, the way the Karnataka Savitha Samaja wishes to. More importantly, they have themselves created new sources of humiliation for the traditional barbers, who are out of place in the emerging hair care industry.
The lack of economic capital will not let traditional barbers invest in air-conditioned state-of-the-art hair salons and spas. And their lack of cultural capital i.e., the urbane language and demeanour that go with the chic salon decor, is another disadvantage. Clearly, those with privileged class and caste backgrounds are perfectly positioned to reap the new profits. This helps understand a leader from a barber caste who wondered ironically at a recent conference in Bengaluru whether an occupation confined to them for centuries should not be reserved for them in the present.


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IBM's training programme for the socially-challenged

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The CII had formulated a code of conduct according to which its members would not practise any type of discrimination in employment, irrespective of the caste, creed or religion and a substantial number of its members had subscribed to it.
IBM launched a training programme last week in co-ordination with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Southern Region, to enhance employability of socially and economically disadvantaged students.
Chandrasekhar Sripada, Vice-President and Head, Human Resources, IBM (India and South Asia), said his company, a century-old global organisation, had a “deep commitment” to support causes in the interest of the community in a pro-active manner, ahead of time and without waiting for any law. .It had always been trying to integrate business objectives with national agenda. “Using our core strength technology, we are trying to make world smarter.”
As his organisation believed in “teaching fishing instead of distributing fish,” it had been trying to impart skills to the socially challenged in a bid to build a sustainable future for them. “IBM strongly believes that its strength of technology could be leveraged to provide enduring, long-lasting solutions,” he said.
Its training programme would guide students regarding career options available both in the government and the non-government sectors. Besides, as 80 per cent of the students were poor in soft-skills, a 180-hour training module had also been launched.
Soft skills proved to be the key differentiator in recruitments, he pointed out. At present, it had tied up with a handful of colleges in Chennai and planned to extend the training through a corp of volunteers at its disposal. “We want to do much more and would extend the programme to rural institutions as well,” Mr. Sripada said.
T.T. Ashok, chairman, CII, Southern Region, said one of the thrust areas of CII was to bring socially challenged communities such as the scheduled castes and tribes into the mainstream.
All the benefits of development that India had been boasting of had missed out quite a chunk of this population. In a bid to ensure inclusive growth, the CII had been pitching for extending them training so as to improve their employability.
Already it had extended skill training to 13,851 youth against its target of 15,000 in southern region utilising the services of its members in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Puducherry.
The CII had formulated a code of conduct according to which its members would not practise any type of discrimination in employment, irrespective of the caste, creed or religion and a substantial number of its members had subscribed to it.
Besides, 15 per cent of the employees of the companies, who were members of the CII southern region, belonged to SC/ST communities. In addition, the CII had started extending scholarships also, he said.


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Shaming Numbers

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Among the many forms of gender inequality, perhaps the most insidious is the one related to the sex ratio. India ranks high among countries having an adverse sex ratio, with fewer women than men. The 2011 Census revealed a small improvement in the overall sex ratio, from 932.91 females for every 1000 males (in 2001) to 940.27, but a steep fall in ratio for the 0-6 age group, from 927.31 to 914.23. Now the World Bank’s ‘World Development Report 2012’ has come up with more shaming numbers. After China, India has the highest number of “missing girls” at birth, that is, the numbers that should have been born in keeping with the average world sex ratio at birth. It is small consolation that in India, the number of girls missing at age zero has come down marginally since 1990. The report, titled ‘Gender Equality and Development,’ notes that were it not for these two countries, an additional 1.2 million girls would have been born in the world (1 million in China alone). In both countries, the son preference — a clear cultural preference for boys — combining with the easy availability of technology to discover the sex of the foetus has resulted in sex-selective abortions, a phenomenon Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen terms “natal inequality.” The high numbers in India show that attempts to tackle female foeticide through a ban on sex-determination tests, imposed under the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, have been largely ineffective.
China and India also account for the highest excess female mortality after birth, that is, the numbers of girls and women who die prematurely. The disproportionate mortality of girls during infancy and early childhood is the result of discrimination and a lack of access to water, sanitation, and health facilities. In India and some other countries, complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the cause of excess deaths of women in the reproductive age. The World Bank report makes the telling point that “despite stellar economic growth in recent years, maternal mortality [in India] is almost six times the rate in Sri Lanka.” On the other hand, in sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for 1.1 million missing women — a majority of them in the reproductive age group — the report notes the “dramatic” impact of HIV/AIDS on the increase from about 639,000 in 1990. From these and other numbers presented by the report, it is clear that, while more women are getting educated and entering the labour force, the gender gap stubbornly persists in vital domains. These gaps cannot be addressed unless it is first realised that gender inequality is not a women’s issue — and that it affects the well being of both men and women.


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More colleges, less quality

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Nearly one-third of the students enrolled in many of these private self-financing engineering colleges in Kerala end up never taking the university degree — they remain Bachelor divorced from Technology (for life).
It took me by surprise and shook me to the core to read the news item – B. Tech pass percentages fall sharply ( The Hindu, August 28, 2011) , with only 46 per cent of the candidates clearing the final year examination of the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, this year; last year, it was 56 per cent. It gives examples detailing how only three out of 67 students passed this year in an engineering college, whereas it was 12 out of 61 last year. There is another case of only one out of 64 passing this year in another engineering college. The list goes on.
What ails our technical education? This is not an attempt to bring out the malaise that has set in; but only aims to trigger healthy discussions about the rot, ultimately leading to a sensible answer.
Todate, there are nearly 150 engineering colleges in the small State of Kerala (exact number cannot be arrived at any point of time, since the powers that be sanction a new engineering college almost every other day) out of which about a hundred are private self-financing colleges. Altogether, all these colleges offer nearly 60,000 seats in an year, out of which more than 10,000 fall vacant.
The reasons for the proliferation of engineering colleges (also medical colleges) have to be found in the Malayalee psyche, which somehow wants to see their children become engineers and doctors, notwithstanding their merit.
Taking advantage of liberalisation, many people have turned to the field; now that education is deemed to be an industry with more glitter and glamour, all and sundry flush with cash have started investing in private self-financing institutions, which they expect to bring good returns laced with the sheen of social acceptance. This is not to deny the fact that there are educational agencies and religious congregations committed to providing quality education; institutions run by them, what with their social commitment and treating educational services as social mission render sterling services; but they are a minority amid the cacophony and chaos. Also, the old generation engineering colleges and the REC (now NIT) serve the community well.
Unfortunately, at least some of the private self-financing engineering colleges do not have the bottomline requirements — lack of infrastructure, physical and human; along with the absence of proper academic atmosphere. Some of them had recently given out the notification for sale.
The pathetic side of the story is that, nearly one-third of the students enrolled in many of these private self-financing engineering colleges end up never taking the university degree — they remain Bachelor divorced from Technology (for life). Those without even the basic mathematical sense succeed in sneaking into some of the private self-financing engineering institutions, only to fail all the way accumulating back papers semester after semester. Certainly, the money their parents dish out, by way of loans, nay mortgage, contribute to the overall liquidity and provides employment and business opportunities to many. Beyond that social function, what becomes of the family from which the forlorn student hails is the moot question.
(The writer's email id is asradhakrishnapillai@ yahoo.co.in)


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Towards a new age of green jobs

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Tamil Nadu believes that greening many sectors of the economy will create a large number of jobs. What does the view look like?
A green job is employment in any industry contributing to preserving or restoring environmental quality in that sector and allowing for sustainable development. Specifically, but not exclusively, this includes jobs that help protect ecosystems and biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water consumption through high efficiency strategies; de-carbonize the economy; and minimise (or altogether avoid) generation of all forms of waste and pollution. 
With a firm belief that that green jobs are the future for sustainable development, Santha Sheela Nair, vice-chairman, Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission, is on a mission to promote the new and emerging concept. In fact, the entire process of preparation of the 12th Five Year Plan will be viewed through a “green lens,” she asserts. 
A green job can be a white or blue collared job in any sector: agriculture, manufacturing, research and development, administrative and service activities such as IT, finance, teaching and so on. Furthermore, a green job creates work that provides adequate wages, safe working conditions, job security and worker rights, she says.
“The idea is that a new age of green jobs will allow India to make the much-needed swift transition into a low carbon economy, while also pulling millions out of poverty through job creation,” she said. Increasing environmental awareness is changing and increasing legislation supporting the environment, which will mean increased environmental litigation, lawyers and policy writers.
Growth of global carbon markets will mean an increase in carbon finance consultants, analysts, financiers, an increase in carbon accountants, business risk analysts and more.
A rise in green buildings and energy efficiency is increasing the demand for architects, engineers, technicians, plumbers, construction workers.
And a shift towards renewable energy is resulting in increased employment per kilowatt per hour of energy produced when compared to fossil fuel energy, not only in large commercial plants but also in rural villages allowing for decentralised renewable energy systems. This means more engineering jobs, more construction jobs and more management jobs, Ms. Nair said emphasising that these are just a few sectors and jobs out of the hundreds of jobs that will be transformed and created in the future.
According to experts, the fast growing green energy sector could create a million jobs in the next few years and more universities are coming up with postgraduate courses in environmental science to cater to the needs of the companies in this emerging sector. 
Green jobs in energy supply could be in research, construction and monitoring of power plant industrial efficiency including cogeneration, plant efficiency and carbon sequestration; renewables and fuel cell research, design, manufacture, installation and monitoring; energy engineers focussed on increased power plant efficiency. In transport, green jobs would involve research and design on more fuel efficient vehicles and on public transport systems, manufacture of alternatively fuelled vehicles and many more. 
“Even in financial services, green jobs are there. In the developed countries, the business schools offer MBA in Green Economy. It is time that Indian business schools begin offering the same,” says Ms. Nair.  
-B.Aravind Kumar


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How campus recruitment norms are changing

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Software companies do away with written tests for top scorers
Spending a major part of the last three years immersed in books was not, after all, a bad idea, feels J. Anusha, as she proudly flaunts the confirmation of her employment by an IT major recently. “I wanted to maintain an overall CGPA of 8.5. The grading which was introduced as many universities abroad insist on it has also come in handy for the recruiting firms,” says the final-year student of Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering.
With many software companies doing away with written tests for high scorers, there is a renewed emphasis on academic credentials, say college students and teachers. Scores in college have increasingly become a major filter during the recruitment of hundreds of students in two days, and sometimes, even in a day.
This year, TCS exempted students of top engineering colleges who have scored over 80 per cent in their course from the written test, while Cognizant has been doing the same with toppers in colleges for a few years now, say sources. “In reputable engineering colleges, there are often at least 50 students in a class of 120 that score over 80 per cent. But the interviews for students who were exempted were quite gruelling. Companies want to reduce their procedures, but won't compromise especially on the communication skills,” says R. Rajakumar, who got recruited in TCS.
“We know the companies are in a hurry so we give them a shortlist of eligible students who then undergo the recruitment procedure. It takes intelligent planning and partnerships by both placement officers of colleges and company personnel,” says Sathish Kumar, placement officer, St. Joseph's College, which placed around 591 students in Cognizant, and about 121 in Wipro this week.
Companies now have panels that have a mix of technical and HR personnel, so the student is tested on all areas in a short time. “Most companies that are allowed to come first often have a large recruitment plan,” says R. Samuel, a senior HR consultant with IT firms.
However, sources say that companies try not to rope in the top-rung performers (those who score 90 per cent and above), especially if they are among the first to recruit. “They know that these students would opt for core companies that come later,” says Amritha Srinivasalau, an engineering student. This is in the context of many colleges following the policy of dual placement that allows a student to appear for the recruitment tests of core companies, even if he/she is selected by an IT firm. Core companies are slated to start their procedures in most colleges only in December.
The eligibility criteria of companies are revised every year after studying the trends, says Mr.Samuel. Group discussions, once a part of the recruitment procedure of many companies, have been done away with by firms, though some, including Accenture and Capgemini, still lay stress on them.
Similarly, companies initially were reluctant to relax their requirement of a minimum of 60 per cent in every degree.
Now they do and some companies, including Wipro, allow one standing arrear and some even allow two. A minimum of just 50 per cent in class X and XII is acceptable too. “And a few including Cognizant offer a relaxation of five per cent in one degree, excluding the one that the student is pursuing, if he/she has secured over 60 per cent in all other areas,” says Mr.Samuel.
These relaxations, however, do not apply to graduates who apply to companies in off-campus procedures. “Even if the bulk recruitment paints a good picture of the industry, it involves only around 1.5 lakh engineers, just 20 per cent of the number of engineers who graduate every year. The others might have to undergo all of the tough procedures,” says Santanu Paul, CEO and Managing Director, TalentSprint, which trains unemployed graduates to make them employable in the IT industry.
-Vasudha Venugopal


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